How to Talk about Gender Expression
这些性别表达你真的知道么？
他，还是她？性别并不只是男女那么简单，并不是所有人心中的性别都恰好和自己的生理性别相一致，如何正确地表达性别，这一直都是个问题……
A gorgeous woman with long wavy brown hair graces the cover of the forthcoming July issue of glossy magazine Vanity Fair. Meet Caitlyn Jenner, 65, a US Olympic athlete and TV personality formerly known as Bruce Jenner. Jenner, US reality television star Kim Kardashian’s stepmother and former stepfather, is one of the stars in reality TV show Keeping Up With the Kardashians. But this was the first time she has been photographed as a woman since she came out as transgender in April.
她一头棕色长卷发，性感动人，令（美国）时尚杂志《名利场》7月的封面变得熠熠夺目；她就是今年65岁的凯特琳•詹纳，原名布鲁斯•詹纳，美国前奥运冠军、电视名人；他还是美国真人秀（《与卡戴珊姐妹同行》）明星金•卡戴珊的继父，不过现在应该称为“继母”。 自今年4月完成变性手术后，这是她首次以女性的身份参与拍摄工作。
Jenner’s coming-out is a big moment in US pop culture history. As Western countries like the US have become more socially liberal, transgender people have become less marginalized. So how can you talk about transgender people and related issues without being offensive? GLAAD, a US organization aiming to improve representation of those who identify as LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender) in the media, offers guidelines.
詹纳的出现是美国流行文化史上的一个重要时刻。随着美国等西方国家社会自由度的不断提高，跨性别者（变性人）越来越少受到排斥。当谈论到跨性别者或与其相关的话题时，如何表达才能不冒犯到他人？美国一家致力于为LGBT（同性恋、双性恋与跨性别者）人群发声的组织GLAAD给出了如下建议：
Basic concepts
基本概念
Gender Identity
性别认同
One’s deeply held sense of one’s gender. For transgender people, their own gender identity does not match their sex. Most people have a gender identity of male or female. For some people, gender identity does not fit neatly into these two choices.
性别认同指每个人对自己性别根深蒂固的认识。跨性别者即自我性别认同与生理性别不匹配。大部分人的性别认同不是男性就是女性，但也有一些人对自己的性别认同超出了男女的范围。
Gender Expression
性别表达
External manifestations of gender expressed through one’s name, pronouns, clothing, haircut, behavior, voice, or body characteristics. Society identifies these cues as masculine and feminine. Typically, transgender people seek to make their gender expression align with their gender identity, rather than the sex they were born as.
外在的性别表达包括：姓名、称呼、穿着、发型、行为举止、声音以及身体特征。而社会（性别）身份则分为男性化或女性化。而跨性别者则力图让性别表达与性别认同，而非生理性别相一致。
Sexual Orientation
性取向
Describes a person’s enduring physical and romantic attraction to another person. Gender identity and sexual orientation are not the same. Transgender people may be straight, lesbian, gay, or bisexual. For example, a person who transits from male to female and is attracted solely to men would identify as a straight woman.
性取向指一个人在情感与生理上对他人的持久的吸引。性取向与性别认同并不完全相同。跨性别者可能是异性恋、同性恋或双性恋。比如，一个人从男性变为女性，但依旧对男性情有独钟，那么她就是女性异性恋者。
